Study Of Acidity Of Different Samples Of Tea Leaves Pdf Free Extra Quality

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the overall contamination pattern of all the investigated heavy metals was found to be: cd>as>se>pb. it has been reported that pb can inhibit the absorption of as [ 50 ], so that the reduction in as absorption may be the result of the inhibition of as absorption. se is known to play a role in antioxidant activity, which contributes to the overall health of the body. besides, the higher se content of tea may be due to its potential role in protecting the leaves from oxidation. in the present study, the levels of pb in tea samples were higher than the who recommended limits. the consumer of this type of tea will be exposed to pb, and therefore, more control measures need to be implemented in tea plants to minimize the pb contamination in tea samples.

the present study was aimed at investigating heavy metal contamination in fresh and processed tea leaves, and to determine the effects of the different processing techniques on the heavy metal content of tea leaves. the level of heavy metals in the investigated tea samples was higher than the maximum permissible level set by the who. therefore, it is necessary to monitor the heavy metal content of the tea leaves that are being consumed by the people in the country.

acknowledgments

we are thankful to the national tea research institute (ntri), bangladesh, for providing the tea samples used in this study. we are also thankful to ms. khondaker jasmine for helping us in the collection of tea samples. we also thank dr. g.m. islam and dr. m.k. hossain for their valuable suggestions.

elemental concentrations in various matrices can be affected by seasonal variation, soil type, and soil properties. tea composition also varies with seasonal variation, and the level of antioxidants and the content of polyphenols can vary with the season. however, the studies on heavy metal and toxic element accumulation in tea are very limited. several studies have been conducted on the accumulation of toxic elements in tea plants grown in different soil types in bangladesh [ 50, 51, 52 ]. in this study, the levels of cd, cr, pb, as and se in tea samples were statistically higher in the tea samples of semi-arid and arid regions than in the samples of humid and sub-humid regions. the concentrations of cd, cr, pb, as and se in tea samples collected from tea plantations of different geographical locations (in dhaka, chittagong, and khulna) were similar. the concentrations of toxic metals in tea samples were similar to those reported by earlier studies conducted in different countries. for example, the concentrations of cd, cr, pb, as and se in tea samples from various countries ranged from 0.037 to 3.1, 0.00 to 0.8, 0.1 to 1.2 to 1.8 and 0.0 to 1.7 mg/kg (dry weight), respectively [ 53, 54, 55 ]. however, the concentrations of cd, cr, pb, as and se in tea samples from china ranged from 0.0 to 3.0 to 0.45, 0.5, 0.66 and 0.50 mg/kg (dry weight), respectively [ 56 ].

ma et al. [ 50 ] investigated the concentrations of heavy metals in soils and tea leaves from three tea gardens (qingbai, pingtang and xingtang) in guangdong province and the results indicated that these concentrations decreased as follows: xingtang>qingbai>pingtang. the tfs of cd, pb and as were 0.039, 0.038, and 0.138, respectively, which were lower than the values of 0.23, 0.29 and 0.23 for heavy metals in tea leaves from china (samples: tea leaves, soil, soil and tea leaves). the mean concentrations of cd, pb and as in tea leaves from the three tea gardens were 0.4249, 1.4180 and 0.3939 mg/kg, respectively. these results were much lower than those of zhang et al. [ 51 ], who reported that cd, pb and as concentrations in tea leaves were higher than in soils. it is possible that the presence of high levels of heavy metals in tea soils can be due to the use of chemical fertilizers. in addition, the low tf of cd and as could be attributed to the high bioaccumulation and bioavailability of these two elements in tea leaves. high concentrations of cd and pb in tea leaves were found in the areas where a large number of factories and industries are located. the tfs of cd and pb in tea leaves from guangdong province were higher than those of rice plants (0.0093, 0.0386), which were the most important staple food for chinese people [ 52 ]. our previous studies on tea also indicated that the tfs of cd, pb and as in tea leaves were lower than the tfs in tea leaves from china. this is because the main sources of cd and pb pollution in guangdong province are tea leaves from neighbouring tea plantations and lead smelters. the tfs of cd and pb in tea leaves from this region were 0.03 and 0.44, respectively [ 52 ].
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